MEMS microphones (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems microphones) are miniature devices that convert sound into electrical signals using tiny mechanical components fabricated on a silicon chip. These microphones have become a standard audio input solution in modern electronics due to their small size, low power consumption, reliability, and cost-effectiveness.

They are widely used in smartphones, wearables, hearables, smart speakers, automotive systems, and IoT devices.

How MEMS Microphones Work
A MEMS microphone typically consists of two parts:

The MEMS sensor – A mechanical diaphragm etched into a silicon wafer that vibrates in response to sound waves.

An ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit) – Processes and amplifies the signal from the sensor and provides output in analog or digital form.

The entire system is usually housed in a compact package that can be easily integrated into small electronic devices.

Key Advantages
Miniaturization: Extremely small footprint, ideal for compact consumer electronics.

Low Power Consumption: Suitable for battery-operated devices.

High Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR): Enables clear audio capture.

Robustness and Reliability: Resistant to vibration, shock, and environmental conditions.

Cost-Effective Mass Production: Leverages semiconductor manufacturing techniques.

Digital Output Options: Simplifies integration with digital processing systems.